In some cases enzyme additives can
enhance product quality in addition to improving growth rate or feed conversion.
Feeding high levels of wheat and wheat
product to laying hens is associated with
increased viscosity of the ingesta in the
ileum and enhanced bacterial degradation of nonstarch polysaccharides in the
cecum. The net result is the deposition
of a dark viscous fluid on the eggshell as
it passes through the cloaca. In the U.S.
where eggs are washed, the deposits are
difficult to remove. The problem is even
more severe in the EU where eggs are not
washed before packing and the deposits
result in downgrading.
Since enzymes are complex proteins,
heat applied during pelleting will result in
irreversible changes in structure which
markedly affect activity. The conformation
of the protein structure must allow for the
formation of enzyme-substrate complexes
on the surface the enzyme.
Accordingly heat-labile enzymes are
added in the mixer in the case of mash
feeds. Heat stable enzyme preparations
can be added to pelleted feeds in the
mixer but heat labile enzymes are applied
to pellets as a spray. The endogenous
enzymes including proteases within the
digestive tract degrade dietary enzyme
supplements. This necessitates constant
inclusion in diets. This characteristic does
however ensure that there is no residue
problem associated with enzymes added
to feed.
Enzyme supplements must be resistant to degradation by mineral components
of feed and should be readily dispersed
through a diet during mixing. Additional
requirements are that enzyme supplements should resist breakdown in the
TABLE 3. PROBIO TIC PRODUCTS PRODUCT SUPPLIER Avi-Bac™ Ralco Nutrition www.ralconutrition.com
Avicorr® &
CSI®
Finelact™ &
Calsporin™
GalliPro® Tect
Danisco
www.danisco.com
QTI
calsporininfo@qtitech.com
water soluble & feed additive forms
Chr. Hansen
www.chr-hansen.com
feed & water additive forms
Biomin
www.biomin.net
Star Labs
www.primalac.com
Alpharma
www.alpharma.com
COMMENTS
Combination of Lactobacillis
acidophilus, Bifidobacterium sp &
Bacillus sp
Bacillus spp & Lactobacillus spp
products
Lactobacillus reuteri. Non-GMO
product
Bacillus Licheniformis products
Poultry Star® Strains not specified, combined
with fructooligosaccharide
Primalac® Lactobacillus spp, Bifidobacterium
sp & Enterococcus sp
Proflora Bacillus subtilis combined with
mannanoligosaccharide derived
from Saccharomyces
acid environment of the proventriculus and
ventriculus in the case of poultry or the
stomach of pigs. Optimal activity should
be attained over the narrow pH range in
the intestinal tract.
Probiotics
Probiotics comprise suspensions of
live organism which have beneficial effects within the intestinal tract. These may
include competition with pathogens for
available binding sites on the enterocytes
(cells lining the intestinal tract) or may
suppress the proliferation of undesirable
bacteria such as the clostridia which produce toxins. Administration of probiotics in
the form of direct fed microbials (DFMs) to
immature poultry and swine will expedite
TABLE 4. PREBIOTIC PRODUCTS PRODUCT SUPPLIER By-O-Reg™ Advanced Ag Products
COMMENT
Fructooligosaccharide with beta glucan
and oregano extract
Bio-Mos® Mannaoligosaccharide derived from the outer
cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Integra Mos® Mannanoligosaccharide derived from
Saccharomyces
The beneficial effect of prebiotics on the intestinal tract can be demonstrated by increased
height of intestinal villi.
Alltech
www.alltech.com
Ralco
establishing a beneficial flora.
